本文最后更新于 2024-03-22T23:32:52+00:00
路由的演变 之前,部署到服务器的前端项目是由多个 HTML 文件组成,每个 HTML 都有对应服务器路径,前端称其为路由,路由之间使用location.href
跳转,跳转路径就是另一个 HTML 的服务器地址。这时候的路由是由后端来管理的 后面单页应用流行,部署到服务器的前端项目就只有一个 HTML 文件,对应一个服务器路径。这时候为满足不同页面的展示,就需要借助框架提供的路由能力,至此路由的管理转移到前端身上。
路由的组成 即location
的组成:location.protocal
协议location.host
域名location.port
端口(多数省略了)location.pathname
路径location.search
参数,[? 后面,# 之前)的内容location.hash
锚点,# 后面的内容
路由的分类 单页应用下,分为:hash、historyhash: 路由上带 #,内容为 # 后面,用它来区分页面; 不需要服务端配合。
history: 路由上不带 #,内容为[域名后面,? 之前),用它来区分页面; 需要服务端配合。因为部署到服务器后,该模式实际上访问服务器的资源,但单页应用只有一个指向 html 的路径,所以这样访问会返回 404,一般需要配置让其指向 html 的路径
路由实现的核心原理 核心原理:监听路径的变化,找到该路径对应的组件,然后渲染到相应位置,并注入 router 等上下文。其中的对应关系就是我们常写的路由配置项。
react-router 官网:React Router
基本使用 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 import "./App.css" ;import { BrowserRouter , Routes , Route , Outlet } from "react-router-dom" ;const Menu = ( ) => ( <div > <header > <ul style ={{ display: "flex " }}> <a href ="/" > 首页</a > <span style ={{ margin: "0 10px " }}> |</span > <a href ="/list" > 新闻列表</a > <span style ={{ margin: "0 10px " }}> |</span > <a href ="/about" > 关于我们</a > </ul > </header > <Outlet /> </div > );function App ( ) { return ( <BrowserRouter > <Menu /> <Routes > <Route path ="/" element ={ <div > 首页 page</div > }></Route > <Route path ="/list" element ={ <div > 新闻列表 page</div > }></Route > <Route path ="/about" element ={ <div > 关于我们 page</div > }></Route > </Routes > </BrowserRouter > ); }export default App ;
基本原理(手撸简版) 简单手撸react-router-dom
核心原理
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 import React from "react" ;const LocationContext = React .createContext ({});const NavigationContext = React .createContext ({});export function BrowserRouter ({ children } ) { return ( <LocationContext.Provider value ={{ location: window.location }}> <NavigationContext.Provider value ={{ navigator: window.history }}> {children} </NavigationContext.Provider > </LocationContext.Provider > ); }export function useLocation ( ) { return React .useContext (LocationContext ).location ; }export function useNavigation ( ) { return React .useContext (NavigationContext ).navigator ; }export function findRoute (routes, pathname ) { routes.find (({ path } ) => path === pathname); return ; }export function useRoutes (routes ) { const location = useLocation (); const pathname = location.pathname || "/" ; const parentRoute = findRoute (routes, pathname); return parentRoute?.element ; }export function childrenToRoutes (children ) { const routes = []; React .Children .forEach (children, (node ) => { const { path, element } = node.props ; const route = { path, element }; if (node.props .children ) { route.children = childrenToRoutes (node.props .children ); } routes.push (route); }); return routes; }export function Routes ({ children } ) { return useRoutes (childrenToRoutes (children)); }
手撸 Router 核心原理:监听路径的变化,找到该路径对应的组件,然后渲染到相应位置,并注入 router 等上下文。其中的对应关系就是我们常写的路由配置项。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 <!DOCTYPE html > <html lang ="zh" > <head > <meta charset ="UTF-8" /> <meta name ="viewport" content ="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title > base-index-html</title > </head > <body > <div > <nav > <a href ="#" > 首页</a > <a href ="#about" > 关于我们</a > <a href ="#list" > 新闻列表</a > <a href ="#post" > 新闻详情</a > </nav > <section > <div class ="router-view" > </div > </section > </div > <script > class Router { constructor (routes ) { this .routes = routes; this .init (); } init ( ) { window .addEventListener ("hashchange" , () => this .onHashChange ()); window .addEventListener ("load" , () => this .onHashChange ()); } onHashChange ( ) { const hash = window .location .hash .slice (1 ); const route = this .findRoute (hash); this .updateView (route); } findRoute (hash ) { return this .routes .find ((route ) => route.path === "/" + hash); } updateView (route ) { const viewEle = document .querySelector (".router-view" ); viewEle.innerHTML = route ? route.element : "404" ; } push (path ) { window .location .hash = path.slice (1 ); } } const routes = [ { path : "/" , element : ` <div> <div>首页 page</div> <button onclick="router.push('/about')">去 about</button> </div> ` , }, { path : "/list" , element : ` <div> <div>新闻列表 page</div> </div> ` , }, { path : "/about" , element : ` <div> <div>关于我们 page</div> </div> ` , }, { path : "/post" , element : ` <div> <div>新闻详情 page</div> </div> ` , }, ]; const router = new Router (routes); </script > </body > </html >